Espresso-Based Coffee Types: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Fuga Coffee3 min read
Espresso: Where It All Begins
Espresso is a concentrated coffee extracted by pushing hot water through finely ground coffee under high pressure. It forms the foundation of virtually all cafe drinks. In 25-30 seconds, approximately 30 ml of coffee is produced with a golden crema layer on top.
The Espresso Family
Espresso (Solo)
- 7-9 grams of coffee, 25-30 second pull
- Approximately 30 ml
- Intense, complex, and aromatic
- Enjoyed at any time of day in Italy
Doppio (Double Shot)
- Two shots of espresso in one cup
- Approximately 60 ml
- More intense caffeine and flavor
- Has become the standard serving in many countries
Ristretto
- Shorter pull than espresso (15-20 seconds)
- Approximately 20 ml
- Sweeter and more concentrated
- Less bitterness, more aroma
Lungo
- Longer pull than espresso (35-40 seconds)
- Approximately 60-80 ml
- Lighter and more diluted taste
- Closer to American taste preferences
Milk-Based Espresso Drinks
Macchiato
- Espresso topped with a dollop of milk foam
- Means "stained" in Italian
- Slightly softens the intensity of espresso
- Served in a small portion
Cortado
- Equal parts espresso and warm milk
- Spanish origin
- More milk than macchiato, less than latte
- Popular as an afternoon coffee
Cappuccino
- 1/3 espresso, 1/3 steamed milk, 1/3 milk foam
- In Italy, consumed only in the morning
- Thick, velvety foam layer
- Ideal for latte art
